Ovarian Dermoid Cyst   

Introduction:

Ovarian disease are common in animal affecting fertility and health. Most of the ovarian tumors arises from the surface epithelium of the ovary know as epithelial ovarian tumor. Some tumor arise from the germ cells inside the ovary they are called germ cell tumors. Less commonly ovarian tumor arises from cells surrounding germ cells or other stromal cells namely sex cord stromal tumors.

During normal pregnancy when germ cells is fertilized by sperm they will produce zygote forming one cell. This cells will divide and multiply forming large no of cells. few days later apart of these cells gets rearranged into ectoderm , endoderm and mesoderm these layer will form all living tissue. Ectoderm form skin epidermis, hair and nervous system. Mesoderm form bone, muscle, cartilage and connective tissue. Endoderm form stomach, intestine, colon, liver pancreas and bladder.

Ovarian dermoid cyst is germ cell tumor that arises from single germ cell it is also one of the most common tumor in bitches forming multi cystic region which may contains any form of animal tissue such as bone, hair or skin because germ cell is the origin of all animal or human tissues. All these are mixed in auspicious material which is thick sticky and off in foul smelling. It is always a benign tumor however malignant changes can have in some cases. Risk factors for malignant changes include:- old age of the animal above 6-7 years tumor size >10 cm, rapid growth. 

Sign and Symptoms

- Most of the cases are asymptomatic

- Some animal may feel mass or pressure symptoms

- Acute abdomen pain due to cyst rupture or torsion

Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination however ultrasound in more reliable. It has characteristics ultrasound features that includes:

- Dermoid plug

- Dermoid mesh

- Floating fat globules

Ovarian Hysterectomy is suggested for definitive diagnosis.

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